Tag Archives: wordpress

Installing PHP modules

I’m running a WordPress instance on a Zimaboard on the home network. Normally, that’s the kind of thing I’d put on the paid hosting service so I can let someone else worry about patching the OS and such, but since family calendars and the like don’t need to be on the public internet, I decided to do this one in-house.

Once I got WordPress up and running, I checked the “Site Health” and along with some old themes that needed to be cleaned up, there was a notice of a critical issue, telling me that “One or more required modules are missing.”

Expanding the dropdown, I saw the list included curl, imagick, zip, and gd. I tried to be thorough when installing PHP, but evidently missed a few. No biggie. Here’s how to fix it.

Performance warning that "One or more required modules are missing"

PHP modules perform most of the tasks on the server that make your site run. Any changes to these must be made by your server administrator.

The WordPress Hosting Team maintains a list of those modules, both recommended and required, in the team handbook.

Warning: The optional module, curl, is not installed, or has been disabled.

Warning: The optional module, imagick, is not installed, or has been disabled.

Warning: The optional module, zip, is not installed, or has been disabled.

Error: The required module, gd, is not installed, or has been disabled.

This is all running on Ubuntu, so the first step is to update the list of available packages. Because you always do that first.

$ sudo apt update -y

Next, install the missing packages. These are php modules, so the package to install is named “php-” and then the module name. (e.g. php-curl).

$ sudo apt install php-gd php-imagick php-curl php-zip

My machine is running PHP 8.1, so apt determined that the correct packages to install were php8.1-gd, php8.1-imagick, php8.1-curl, and php8.1-zip

Now I know the php-imagick module depends on ImageMagick, so I wanted to make sure that was installed, so after checking the apt command’s help text, I ran apt list -a ImageMagick

$ apt list -a ImageMagick
Listing... Done
imagemagick/jammy-updates,jammy-security,now 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.3 amd64 [installed]
imagemagick/jammy 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3build2 amd64

Excellent. Everything should be good now right? That’s what I thought, but WordPress disagreed. Returning the Site Health page, the same message appeared, telling me that “One or more required modules are missing.”

I had to scratch my head for a bit on that one. Then I remembered, you don’t just install PHP modules, you also have to tell PHP you want to use them. (For example, Xdebug notoriously causes programs to run more slowly.)

You use phpenmod to enable modules and phpdismod to disable them. (Arguably, I should have included “-s apache2” so they would only be enabled for Apache, but I wanted to make them available for any use of PHP.)

After enabling the modules, you also need to restart apache so the new modules are loaded, so the final set of commands is:

$ sudo phpenmod curl imagick zip gd
$ sudo systemctl restart apache2

And now the Site Health report is a little bit happier.

Set up a MySQL Database for WordPress

I keep losing track of the file where I have these steps written down. It’s past time to put them someplace where I can find them, and perhaps help a few others as well.

create database SOME_DATABASE;
create user 'SOME_USER'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'A_STRONG_PASSWORD';
GRANT ALL ON SOME_DATABASE.* TO 'SOME_USER'@'localhost';

The database permissions grant can be fine-tuned a bit, e.g. after installation, remove the DROP, ALTER, and GRANT permissions. (This does, of course, depend on what your plugins are doing, and potentially the needs of a particular major version upgrade.)

Converting a WordPress Site to static HTML

I have a few old sites I created in WordPress but no longer update aside from installing newer versions of WordPress. I don’t want to run out of date software, but I also don’t want to take down the content.

It’s been a decade since Fanboy’s Convention List was last updated, but there are blog posts with well established URLs. (Besides, I still have dreams of one day reviving the site.)

My solution is to first, create backups of everything, and then spider the site, capture all the generated HTML and put the static pages back to replace them.

I’ve known about GNU Wget for just about forever, but only as an alternative to curl. What I discovered is that Wget has a —mirror option which allows you to download the entire site. It has a lot of options you’ll want to look into (so do look at the docs) but what I finally settled on for my purposes was

wget --mirror --page-requisites --wait=2 https://www.fanboyslist.com

Note: The --wait=2 makes Wget wait two seconds between requests. If you’re using this to mirror someone else’s site, consider using a higher value in order to avoid overloading their server. Badly behaved spiders can wreak havoc on sites with dynamically generated pages and may be blocked as a result.

Fun fact: although you may associate Wget with Linux, it’s also available for Windows. There are some differences in what characters are used for outputting file names, it should otherwise work the same way.

On the first pass, instead of directories mirroring the site structure, there were a bunch of files with names like index.html?p=257 (on Windows, this would show up as index.html%3Dp=257). Turns out that at some point, the site’s permalinks were turned off and WordPress had reverted to query string parameters.

Fix the permalinks, make sure categories and tags will have names instead of parameters.

The next pass has the directory structure, but still had the files with query strings. Digging in a bit, WordPress is generating “shortlinks” in the form

https://www.fanboyslist.com/blog/?p=257

Shortlinks are a microformat, meant to provide a shorter link for when you’re manually typing the URL. But this site doesn’t provide a means for manually discovering them, and I’m trying to remove the mechanism for resolving them, so that’s not needed in the static page (for my purposes, the canonical URL is much more useful).

One Google search later, I found a comment on a support thread about disabling shortlinks. In a nutshell, add this line to the end of the theme’s functions.php file:

remove_action('wp_head', 'wp_shortlink_wp_head', 10, 0);

(Note: I’m trying to remove this entire WordPress installation, so I’m going to modify the theme’s file. On an installation you were planning to keep, this should go in a child theme.)

While we’re fiddling with functions.php, remove the headers for the REST API, from https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/a/211469

remove_action( 'wp_head', 'rest_output_link_wp_head'              );
remove_action( 'wp_head', 'wp_oembed_add_discovery_links'         );
remove_action( 'template_redirect', 'rest_output_link_header', 11 );

Next, let’s get rid of the bit where the site is loading support for emoji (this site predates most US use of emoji). Here’s a nice little snippet from: https://www.netmagik.com/how-to-disable-emojis-in-wordpress/

/**
 * Disable the emoji's
 */
function disable_emojis() {
	remove_action( 'wp_head', 'print_emoji_detection_script', 7 );
	remove_action( 'admin_print_scripts', 'print_emoji_detection_script' );
	remove_action( 'wp_print_styles', 'print_emoji_styles' );
	remove_action( 'admin_print_styles', 'print_emoji_styles' );	
	remove_filter( 'the_content_feed', 'wp_staticize_emoji' );
	remove_filter( 'comment_text_rss', 'wp_staticize_emoji' );	
	remove_filter( 'wp_mail', 'wp_staticize_emoji_for_email' );
	
	// Remove from TinyMCE
	add_filter( 'tiny_mce_plugins', 'disable_emojis_tinymce' );
}
add_action( 'init', 'disable_emojis' );

/**
 * Filter out the tinymce emoji plugin.
 */
function disable_emojis_tinymce( $plugins ) {
	if ( is_array( $plugins ) ) {
		return array_diff( $plugins, array( 'wpemoji' ) );
	} else {
		return array();
	}
}

Remove the individual RSS feeds for each post’s comments

add_filter( 'feed_links_show_comments_feed', '__return_false' );

And then, a pile of other things to remove comes from this answer on Stack Overflow.

remove_action( 'wp_head', 'feed_links_extra', 3 ); // Display the links to the extra feeds such as category feeds
remove_action( 'wp_head', 'feed_links', 2 ); // Display the links to the general feeds: Post and Comment Feed
remove_action( 'wp_head', 'rsd_link' ); // Display the link to the Really Simple Discovery service endpoint, EditURI link
remove_action( 'wp_head', 'wlwmanifest_link' ); // Display the link to the Windows Live Writer manifest file.
remove_action( 'wp_head', 'index_rel_link' ); // index link
remove_action( 'wp_head', 'parent_post_rel_link', 10, 0 ); // prev link
remove_action( 'wp_head', 'start_post_rel_link', 10, 0 ); // start link
remove_action( 'wp_head', 'adjacent_posts_rel_link', 10, 0 ); // Display relational links for the posts adjacent to the current post.

And then, one item that isn’t in functions.php, Get rid off all the <link rel="pingback".... lines by installing the bye-bye-pingback plugin.

The theme was pretty old, based on Kubrik from around 2009 and some of the changes actually needed to be done via changes to theme files (e.g. remove the blog’s overall RSS feed), but with all these changes in place, I can now run Wget one last time and get a clean copy of the blog.